New Methods for the Study of Measurement Invariance with Many Groups
نویسندگان
چکیده
This papers considers new factor analytic and item response theory (IRT) approaches to the study of invariance across groups. Two methods are described and contrasted. The alignment method considers the groups as a fixed mode of variation, while the random-intercept, random-loading two-level method considers the groups as a random mode of variation. Both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analysis is applied. A survey of close to 50,000 subjects in 26 countries is used as an illustration. In addition, the two methods are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. A list of considerations for choosing between the two methods is presented.
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